Exploring Unconventional Static Façade–Interior design Interactions for Daylighting Performance and Visual Comfort: A Systematic Review

Daylight performance and visual comfort in educational buildings stem from the interplay between internal spatial configurations and external façade geometry, yet existing research often examines façades or interiors independently. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this systematic review analyzed 145 English‑language journal articles (2020–2025) addressing daylighting, building envelope, interior design, or visual comfort. Building on these insights, the study develops unconventional static façades – non‑mechanical, culturally adaptive, and nature‑inspired systems that optimize daylight direction, intensity, and spectral quality. Inspired by traditional Iranian architecture (Orosi windows, Moshabak) and biomimetic principles, these façades offer a low‑tech, cost‑effective alternative to dynamic systems without mechanical complexity or high maintenance. A conceptual framework for integrated interior–exterior design is proposed, coordinating façade morphology, mechanisms, and materials with interior layouts, finishes, and furniture arrangements to achieve balanced illumination, glare control, and human‑centered visual comfort. This approach demonstrates that effective daylight solutions emerge from coordinated interior–exterior interactions, requiring expert decision‑making and human‑centered design, rather than isolated technical fixes. It provides practical, affordable, and culturally grounded solutions for high‑comfort learning environments.