TY - JOUR
T1 - Face and content validity of the EMPOWER-UP questionnaire: a generic measure of empowerment in relational decision-making and problem-solving
AU - Marqvorsen, Emilie Haarslev Schröder
AU - Lund, Line
AU - Biener, Sigrid Normann
AU - Due-Christensen, Mette
AU - Husted, Gitte R.
AU - Jørgensen, Rikke
AU - Mathiesen, Anne Sophie
AU - Olesen, Mette Linnet
AU - Petersen, Morten Aagaard
AU - Pouwer, François
AU - Rasmussen, Bodil
AU - Rothmann, Mette Juel
AU - Thomsen, Thordis
AU - Winkley, Kirsty
AU - Zoffmann, Vibeke
N1 - © 2024. The Author(s).
PY - 2024/10/28
Y1 - 2024/10/28
N2 - BACKGROUND: Decision-making and problem-solving processes are powerful activities occurring daily across all healthcare settings. Their empowering potential is seldom fully exploited, and they may even be perceived as disempowering. We developed the EMPOWER-UP questionnaire to enable assessment of healthcare users' perception of empowerment across health conditions, healthcare settings, and healthcare providers' professional backgrounds. This article reports the initial development of EMPOWER-UP, including face and content validation.METHODS: Four grounded theories explaining barriers and enablers to empowerment in relational decision-making and problem-solving were reviewed to generate a preliminary item pool, which was subsequently reduced using constant comparison. Preliminary items were evaluated for face and content validity using an expert panel of seven researchers and cognitive interviews in Danish and English with 29 adults diagnosed with diabetes, cancer, or schizophrenia.RESULTS: A preliminary pool of 139 items was reduced to 46. Independent feedback from expert panel members resulted in further item reduction and modifications supporting content validity and strengthening the potential for generic use. Forty-one preliminary items were evaluated through 29 cognitive interviews, resulting in a 36-item draft questionnaire deemed to have good face and content validity and generic potential.CONCLUSIONS: Face and content validation using an expert panel and cognitive interviews resulted in a 36-item draft questionnaire with a potential for evaluating empowerment in user-provider interactions regardless of health conditions, healthcare settings, and healthcare providers' professional backgrounds.
AB - BACKGROUND: Decision-making and problem-solving processes are powerful activities occurring daily across all healthcare settings. Their empowering potential is seldom fully exploited, and they may even be perceived as disempowering. We developed the EMPOWER-UP questionnaire to enable assessment of healthcare users' perception of empowerment across health conditions, healthcare settings, and healthcare providers' professional backgrounds. This article reports the initial development of EMPOWER-UP, including face and content validation.METHODS: Four grounded theories explaining barriers and enablers to empowerment in relational decision-making and problem-solving were reviewed to generate a preliminary item pool, which was subsequently reduced using constant comparison. Preliminary items were evaluated for face and content validity using an expert panel of seven researchers and cognitive interviews in Danish and English with 29 adults diagnosed with diabetes, cancer, or schizophrenia.RESULTS: A preliminary pool of 139 items was reduced to 46. Independent feedback from expert panel members resulted in further item reduction and modifications supporting content validity and strengthening the potential for generic use. Forty-one preliminary items were evaluated through 29 cognitive interviews, resulting in a 36-item draft questionnaire deemed to have good face and content validity and generic potential.CONCLUSIONS: Face and content validation using an expert panel and cognitive interviews resulted in a 36-item draft questionnaire with a potential for evaluating empowerment in user-provider interactions regardless of health conditions, healthcare settings, and healthcare providers' professional backgrounds.
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Decision Making
KW - Empowerment
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Problem Solving
KW - Reproducibility of Results
KW - Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
KW - User-provider relationships
KW - Decision making
KW - Questionnaire design
KW - Patient-reported outcome measure
KW - Problem solving
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208014724&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12911-024-02727-5
DO - 10.1186/s12911-024-02727-5
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 39465377
SN - 1472-6947
VL - 24
JO - BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
JF - BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
IS - 1
M1 - 313
ER -