From periphery to the centre: Subnationalism and federal foreign policies within a state nation

This chapter looks at the evolving nature of the federalization of the Indian foreign policymaking in the context of evolving political dynamics in recent decades. The argument of the authors is that, in spite of the de jure control of the central government over the process of foreign policymaking, historical trajectory and the onset of globalization have led to subnational governments having a huge and determining impact on India’s policies over the years, particularly towards its South Asian neighbours. By and large, evolving federalization of foreign policy is a key component of rapidly shifting political dynamics in India. Though the state involvement is primarily restricted to economic policies and is monitored by the centre, there is a gradual acceptance of the process. But much continues to be dependent on the prevailing political atmosphere and trust level between the ruling party and the opposition for this system to succeed.