TY - JOUR
T1 - Green and facile recycling of bauxite residue to biochar-supported iron-based composite material for hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal solid waste
AU - Sharma, Kamaldeep
AU - Sadetmahaleh, Komeil Kohansal
AU - Jaime Azuara, Antonio
AU - Rosendahl, Lasse
AU - Benedetti, Vittoria
AU - Yu, Donghong
AU - Pedersen, Thomas Helmer
N1 - Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/11/1
Y1 - 2023/11/1
N2 - Industrial and municipal wastes remain significant sources of air, soil, and water pollution, thus causing adverse climate and health impacts. EU faces challenges in developing green recycling processes and reducing GHG emissions. Innovation in green catalysis is a key driver toward the fulfilment of these goals. This study demonstrated a single-step “Green Recycling” route by which different wastes e.g., industrial and bioorganic wastes are treated to produce biochar/Fe(0) (BC-Fe(0)) material. Typically, three different biomass namely organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp), wheat straw (WS), and microalgae (MA) were used as green reducing agents for reducing bauxite residue (BR). Among all biomass, the high reduction potential of amino acids present in biopulp facilitated the synthesis of BC-Fe(0). BC-Fe(0) material acted as an effective catalyst for HTL of biopulp as the results showed the highest bio-crude yield (44 wt%) at 300 °C for 30 min with 10 wt% BC-Fe(0) loading (containing 2.5 wt% Fe). Furthermore, BC-Fe(0) also assisted in-situ hydrogenation and deoxygenation of chemical compounds present in the bio-liquid product, therefore bio-crude exhibited a higher H/C ratio (1.73) and lower oxygen contents (9.78 wt%) in comparison to bio-crude obtained without catalyst. However, Raw BR and reduced BR (RED) as catalysts showed no significant effect on the yield and oxygen content of bio-crude, which confirms the high catalytic activity of Fe(0) containing BC-Fe(0). Therefore, this study demonstrates the greener path for the one-step valorization of industrial and organic wastes, as an alternative to existing chemical and high temperature-based waste recycling and catalyst synthesis technologies.
AB - Industrial and municipal wastes remain significant sources of air, soil, and water pollution, thus causing adverse climate and health impacts. EU faces challenges in developing green recycling processes and reducing GHG emissions. Innovation in green catalysis is a key driver toward the fulfilment of these goals. This study demonstrated a single-step “Green Recycling” route by which different wastes e.g., industrial and bioorganic wastes are treated to produce biochar/Fe(0) (BC-Fe(0)) material. Typically, three different biomass namely organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp), wheat straw (WS), and microalgae (MA) were used as green reducing agents for reducing bauxite residue (BR). Among all biomass, the high reduction potential of amino acids present in biopulp facilitated the synthesis of BC-Fe(0). BC-Fe(0) material acted as an effective catalyst for HTL of biopulp as the results showed the highest bio-crude yield (44 wt%) at 300 °C for 30 min with 10 wt% BC-Fe(0) loading (containing 2.5 wt% Fe). Furthermore, BC-Fe(0) also assisted in-situ hydrogenation and deoxygenation of chemical compounds present in the bio-liquid product, therefore bio-crude exhibited a higher H/C ratio (1.73) and lower oxygen contents (9.78 wt%) in comparison to bio-crude obtained without catalyst. However, Raw BR and reduced BR (RED) as catalysts showed no significant effect on the yield and oxygen content of bio-crude, which confirms the high catalytic activity of Fe(0) containing BC-Fe(0). Therefore, this study demonstrates the greener path for the one-step valorization of industrial and organic wastes, as an alternative to existing chemical and high temperature-based waste recycling and catalyst synthesis technologies.
KW - Bauxite residue
KW - Biofuels
KW - Green reduction
KW - Heterogeneous catalyst
KW - Hydrothermal liquefaction
KW - Municipal solid waste
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85170420453&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.024
DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.024
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37683376
AN - SCOPUS:85170420453
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 171
SP - 259
EP - 270
JO - Waste Management
JF - Waste Management
ER -