Introduction to (Re)Using Questionnaires in Human-Robot Interaction Research

In the domain of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), questionnaires are often used to measure phenomena. In this chapter, we focus on the use of validated scales. Scales consist of a series of questions that combined are used to measure a particular phenomenon or concept. The goal of this chapter is to guide researchers originating from different backgrounds through the process of choosing and (re)using such an instrument. In addition, we explain how researchers can verify that the scale is measuring what they intend to measure (is "valid''). We also give practical advice throughout the process based on our own experience with using scales in our own research. We recommend a standardized process for using scales in HRI research. Existing scales should be validated in a study very similar to the study that is being designed before being trusted to perform correctly. Scales that do not quite fit a study should be modified, but must then be re-validated. Even though some scales are prevalent and often used in HRI studies with a different context, researchers should still know their limitations and have a healthy suspicion that they are working as expected. We expand upon recommendations like these as we describe our recommended process for (re)using questionnaires. This chapter gives an introductory overview of this process in plain language and then points towards the more formal and complete texts for any details that are needed.