TY - JOUR
T1 - Jamun fruit extract enhances growth performance, mucosal immunity, disease resistance, and immune- and antioxidant-related gene expression of Cyprinus carpio juveniles
AU - Giri, Sib Sankar
AU - Kim, Sang Guen
AU - Jun, Jin Woo
AU - Chi, Cheng
AU - Saha, Subrata
AU - Sukumaran, Venkatachalam
AU - Park, Se Chang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - This study evaluated the effects of Jamun fruit extract (JFE) on the growth, immunity, and health of juvenile Cyprinus carpio (average weight: 9.08±0.47 g). Diets containing five different JFE concentrations, that is, 0 (control), 2 (JFE2), 3 (JFE3), 4 (JFE4), and 5 g Kg−1 (JFE5) were fed to five fish groups (maintained in triplicate) for eight weeks. Growth parameters were examined at 4 and 8 weeks post-feeding; whereas, immune and antioxidant-related parameters were measured at 8 weeks post-feeding. Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila at the end of the feeding trial and mortalities were recorded over 14 days post-infection. Weight gain rate (%) was significantly higher in JFE3, compared to the control. RBC and WBC counts, hemoglobin, total protein level, albumin, and phagocytic activity were significantly enhanced in JFE3 than in control; whereas, there was no significant effect on hematocrit, and blood glucose level. Skin mucosal lysozyme and peroxidase levels were significantly higher in JFE2 ̶ JFE4 than in the control. Significantly higher mucosal total immunoglobulin, alkaline phosphatase, and protein levels were recorded in JFE3. Serum MDA and AST levels were significantly lower in JFE2 ̶ JFE4 than in the control; however, the MPO level was highest in JFE3. Liver antioxidant enzymatic activities were strongly enhanced in JFE3. Further, JFE supplementation upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes in the liver. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was upregulated in the kidney and intestine in JFE3. Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the probability of survival (64.69%) was highest in JFE3. Quadratic regression analysis followed by optimization showed that the optimal dietary JFE level was estimated to be 2.59 ̶ 2.74 g Kg−1 to maximize the growth performance. Therefore, JFE at appropriate doses could improve the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of C. carpio against A. hydrophila.
AB - This study evaluated the effects of Jamun fruit extract (JFE) on the growth, immunity, and health of juvenile Cyprinus carpio (average weight: 9.08±0.47 g). Diets containing five different JFE concentrations, that is, 0 (control), 2 (JFE2), 3 (JFE3), 4 (JFE4), and 5 g Kg−1 (JFE5) were fed to five fish groups (maintained in triplicate) for eight weeks. Growth parameters were examined at 4 and 8 weeks post-feeding; whereas, immune and antioxidant-related parameters were measured at 8 weeks post-feeding. Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila at the end of the feeding trial and mortalities were recorded over 14 days post-infection. Weight gain rate (%) was significantly higher in JFE3, compared to the control. RBC and WBC counts, hemoglobin, total protein level, albumin, and phagocytic activity were significantly enhanced in JFE3 than in control; whereas, there was no significant effect on hematocrit, and blood glucose level. Skin mucosal lysozyme and peroxidase levels were significantly higher in JFE2 ̶ JFE4 than in the control. Significantly higher mucosal total immunoglobulin, alkaline phosphatase, and protein levels were recorded in JFE3. Serum MDA and AST levels were significantly lower in JFE2 ̶ JFE4 than in the control; however, the MPO level was highest in JFE3. Liver antioxidant enzymatic activities were strongly enhanced in JFE3. Further, JFE supplementation upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes in the liver. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was upregulated in the kidney and intestine in JFE3. Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the probability of survival (64.69%) was highest in JFE3. Quadratic regression analysis followed by optimization showed that the optimal dietary JFE level was estimated to be 2.59 ̶ 2.74 g Kg−1 to maximize the growth performance. Therefore, JFE at appropriate doses could improve the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of C. carpio against A. hydrophila.
KW - Aeromonas hydrophila
KW - Common carp
KW - Cytokines
KW - Haematology
KW - Liver
KW - Syzygium cumini
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192239830&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102123
DO - 10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102123
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85192239830
SN - 2352-5134
VL - 36
JO - Aquaculture Reports
JF - Aquaculture Reports
M1 - 102123
ER -