Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity

Rasmus Foldbjerg, Herman Autrup

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

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Abstract

The rapidly growing field of nanotechnology holds great promise for scientific advancement in many sectors such as medicine, consumer products, energy, and materials. In general terms, nanotechnology covers engineered structures, devices, and systems that have a length scale between 1 and 100 nanometers. At this size, materials begin to exhibit unique properties that affect physical, chemical, and biological behavior. However, the same characteristics which make nanomaterials attractive for exploitation in new products have led to concerns that nanomaterials may pose a risk for humans and the environment. Specific concerns have been raised about the possible toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) supported by studies which indicated that NPs are more toxic than larger particles on a mass for mass basis. As a consequence of their small size, NPs have a very high surface to volume ratio rendering them potentially more reactive than larger particles. Accordingly, there are strong indications that particle surface area and surface chemistry are responsible for the observed responses in cell cultures and animals. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are among the most commonly utilized nanomaterials due to their anti-microbial properties, high electrical conductivity, and optical properties. Information about the mechanisms involved in the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs is important in order to evaluate the potential hazards posed by these particles. Several studies have suggested oxidative stress plays a major role in NP toxicity. But, to what degree and by which mechanism Ag NPs cause oxidative stress in cells is unresolved. The present paper attempts to critically review the present knowledge about the underlying factors and mechanisms which may influence Ag NP toxicity
Original languageEnglish
JournalArchives of Basic and Applied Medicine
Volume1
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)5-15
Number of pages11
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2013
Externally publishedYes

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