TY - JOUR
T1 - Offset Compensation Network
T2 - Improving the Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems
AU - Costa Amorim, Álvaro Lúcio
AU - Santos Peixoto, Bárbara
AU - Fagner Cupertino, Allan
AU - Martins Stopa, Marcelo
AU - Augusto Pereira, Heverton
AU - Teodorescu, Remus
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Recently, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have gained importance due to the growing introduction of intermittent renewable energy power plants. Although BESS already has multiple applications, the current standard approach presents several drawbacks aggravated by the second-life batteries use. In order to deal with this issue, the literature proposes the integration of dc/dc converters in the batteries, an approach known as smart battery. However, due to the different capacities of the batteries, the conventional control of smart battery packs does not guarantee a constant dc-link voltage, because during operation, some dc/dc converters can reach their physical voltage limit. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm called offset compensation network (OCN) that guarantees constant dc-link voltage even when there are saturated converters. Simulations in software PLECS and hardware-in-the-loop experiments validate the proposal. The results prove the improvement of the technology as the possibility to operate with fixed dc-link voltage, enabling the use of second-life batteries, OCN algorithm reduces the SOC balancing time in 6.25% and avoids dc-link voltage variations during the balancing process. Finally, this technology is fully compatible with current power conversion systems, allowing an easy retrofit of standard BESS.
AB - Recently, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have gained importance due to the growing introduction of intermittent renewable energy power plants. Although BESS already has multiple applications, the current standard approach presents several drawbacks aggravated by the second-life batteries use. In order to deal with this issue, the literature proposes the integration of dc/dc converters in the batteries, an approach known as smart battery. However, due to the different capacities of the batteries, the conventional control of smart battery packs does not guarantee a constant dc-link voltage, because during operation, some dc/dc converters can reach their physical voltage limit. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm called offset compensation network (OCN) that guarantees constant dc-link voltage even when there are saturated converters. Simulations in software PLECS and hardware-in-the-loop experiments validate the proposal. The results prove the improvement of the technology as the possibility to operate with fixed dc-link voltage, enabling the use of second-life batteries, OCN algorithm reduces the SOC balancing time in 6.25% and avoids dc-link voltage variations during the balancing process. Finally, this technology is fully compatible with current power conversion systems, allowing an easy retrofit of standard BESS.
KW - BESS
KW - dc/dc converter
KW - offset compensation network
KW - smart battery
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208985871&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/cta.4333
DO - 10.1002/cta.4333
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85208985871
SN - 0098-9886
JO - International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications
JF - International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications
ER -