Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study

Nur Najihah Abu Bakar; Josep M. Guerrero; Juan C. Vasquez; Najmeh Bazmohammadi; Muzaidi Othman; Brian Dalby Rasmussen; Yusuf A. Al-Turki

doi:10.3390/en15020431

Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study

Nur Najihah Abu Bakar^*, Josep M. Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez, Najmeh Bazmohammadi, Muzaidi Othman, Brian Dalby Rasmussen, Yusuf A. Al-Turki

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Microgrids are among the promising green transition technologies that will provide enor-mous benefits to the seaports to manage major concerns over energy crises, environmental challenges, and economic issues. However, creating a good design for the seaport microgrid is a challenging task, considering different objectives, constraints, and uncertainties involved. To ensure the optimal operation of the system, determining the right microgrid configuration and component size at minimum cost is a vital decision at the design stage. This paper aims to design a hybrid system for a seaport microgrid with optimally sized components. The selected case study is the Port of Aalborg, Denmark. The proposed grid-connected structure consists of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic system and wind turbines), an energy storage system, and cold ironing facilities. The seaport architecture is then optimized by utilizing HOMER to meet the maximum load demand by considering important parameters such as solar global horizontal irradiance, temperature, and wind resources. Finally, the best configuration is analyzed in terms of economic feasibility, energy reliability, and environmental impacts.

Original language	English
Article number	431
Journal	Energies
Volume	15
Issue number	2
ISSN	1996-1073
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020431
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia has funded this project, under grant no. (RG-49-135-40). The research work was also funded by a Villum Investigator grant (no. 25920) from The Villum Fonden.

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: This research work was supported by a Villum Investigator grant (no. 25920) from The Villum Fonden, University Malaysia Perlis, and Ministry of Education Malaysia. The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has funded this project under grant no. (RG-49-135-40).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

Keywords

Cold ironing
Energy management system
HOMER
Maritime
Optimal sizing
Renewable energy sources
Seaport microgrids

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10.3390/en15020431Licence: CC BY 4.0

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title = "Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study",

abstract = "Microgrids are among the promising green transition technologies that will provide enor-mous benefits to the seaports to manage major concerns over energy crises, environmental challenges, and economic issues. However, creating a good design for the seaport microgrid is a challenging task, considering different objectives, constraints, and uncertainties involved. To ensure the optimal operation of the system, determining the right microgrid configuration and component size at minimum cost is a vital decision at the design stage. This paper aims to design a hybrid system for a seaport microgrid with optimally sized components. The selected case study is the Port of Aalborg, Denmark. The proposed grid-connected structure consists of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic system and wind turbines), an energy storage system, and cold ironing facilities. The seaport architecture is then optimized by utilizing HOMER to meet the maximum load demand by considering important parameters such as solar global horizontal irradiance, temperature, and wind resources. Finally, the best configuration is analyzed in terms of economic feasibility, energy reliability, and environmental impacts.",

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note = "Funding Information: Funding: The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia has funded this project, under grant no. (RG-49-135-40). The research work was also funded by a Villum Investigator grant (no. 25920) from The Villum Fonden. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: This research work was supported by a Villum Investigator grant (no. 25920) from The Villum Fonden, University Malaysia Perlis, and Ministry of Education Malaysia. The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has funded this project under grant no. (RG-49-135-40). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).",

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AU - Vasquez, Juan C.

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AU - Rasmussen, Brian Dalby

AU - Al-Turki, Yusuf A.

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ER -

Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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Energy Management and Operation Optimization of Seaport Microgrids

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Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

AUB Link

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Fingerprint

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Energy Management and Operation Optimization of Seaport Microgrids

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