Abstract
This paper proposes an optimal operational scheduling of a reconfigurable multi-microgrid (MG) distribution system complemented by demand response programs and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) in an uncertain environment. Since there is a set of competing players with inherently conflicting objectives in the system under study such as the Distribution System Operator (DSO) and MG owners, a one-leader multi-follower-type bi-level optimization model is proposed. In this framework, the upper-level player as a leader minimizes the total cost from DSO’s point of view, while the lower-level players as multi-followers maximize the profit of MG owners. Since the resulting model is a non-linear bi-level optimization problem, it is transformed into a single-level mixed-integer second-order cone programming problem through Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. The satisfactory performance of the proposed model is investigated on a real-test system under different scenarios and working conditions.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1766 |
Journal | Energies |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 9 |
Number of pages | 23 |
ISSN | 1996-1073 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 9 May 2019 |
Keywords
- Bi-level problem
- Distribution system
- Energy storage system
- Hourly reconfiguration
- Multi-microgrids
- Operational scheduling