Optimal Robust Energy Management of Microgrid with Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Energy Storage Units and Responsive Loads

To provide net-zero emission conditions for the power grid, this paper aims to provide a coordinated operation for the integrated fuel cell and hydrogen storage systems. Given the sustainability feature of the micro power grid system (MPGS) in engaging different types of distributed energy resources, wind turbines and PV panels are used for clean energy production in the MPGS. Moreover, the battery energy storage system is intended for the appropriate usage of renewable energy resources (RERs) outputs. In order to model the stochastic behaviors of the uncertain parameters, the robust optimization approach is applied in the deregulated environment. Indeed, this method is used to consider the worst state of the uncertain parameters’ occurrence with the aim of providing robust conditions in the system. Also, the time-based demand response program is developed for improving the flexibility of the MPGS with a high contribution of the RERs. In this study, the modified IEEE 21-bus test system is selected for validating the studied system. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model in optimal energy management of the power grid.