TY - JOUR
T1 - Pancreatic Cancer Research beyond DNA Mutations
AU - Sato, Hiromichi
AU - Sasaki, Kazuki
AU - Hara, Tomoaki
AU - Tsuji, Yoshiko
AU - Arao, Yasuko
AU - Otsuka, Chihiro
AU - Hamano, Yumiko
AU - Ogita, Mirei
AU - Kobayashi, Shogo
AU - di Luccio, Eric
AU - Hirotsu, Takaaki
AU - Doki, Yuichiro
AU - Eguchi, Hidetoshi
AU - Satoh, Taroh
AU - Uchida, Shizuka
AU - Ishii, Hideshi
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is caused by genetic mutations in four genes: KRAS proto-oncogene and GTPase (KRAS), tumor protein P53 (TP53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4), also called the big 4. The changes in tumors are very complex, making their characterization in the early stages challenging. Therefore, the development of innovative therapeutic approaches is desirable. The key to overcoming PDAC is diagnosing it in the early stages. Therefore, recent studies have investigated the multifaced characteristics of PDAC, which includes cancer cell metabolism, mesenchymal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, and metagenomics, which extend to characterize various biomolecules including RNAs and volatile organic compounds. Various alterations in the KRAS-dependent as well as KRAS-independent pathways are involved in the refractoriness of PDAC. The optimal combination of these new technologies is expected to help treat intractable pancreatic cancer.
AB - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is caused by genetic mutations in four genes: KRAS proto-oncogene and GTPase (KRAS), tumor protein P53 (TP53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4), also called the big 4. The changes in tumors are very complex, making their characterization in the early stages challenging. Therefore, the development of innovative therapeutic approaches is desirable. The key to overcoming PDAC is diagnosing it in the early stages. Therefore, recent studies have investigated the multifaced characteristics of PDAC, which includes cancer cell metabolism, mesenchymal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, and metagenomics, which extend to characterize various biomolecules including RNAs and volatile organic compounds. Various alterations in the KRAS-dependent as well as KRAS-independent pathways are involved in the refractoriness of PDAC. The optimal combination of these new technologies is expected to help treat intractable pancreatic cancer.
KW - Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
KW - DNA/therapeutic use
KW - Humans
KW - Mutation
KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
KW - Volatile Organic Compounds
KW - RNA
KW - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
KW - sequencing
KW - cancer metabolism
KW - mutations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140433095&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/biom12101503
DO - 10.3390/biom12101503
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36291712
VL - 12
JO - Biomolecules
JF - Biomolecules
SN - 2218-273X
IS - 10
M1 - 1503
ER -