Rainfall Map from Attenuation Data Fusion of Satellite Broadcast and Commercial Microwave Links

Fabio Saggese; Vincenzo Lottici; Filippo Giannetti

doi:10.3390/s22187019

Rainfall Map from Attenuation Data Fusion of Satellite Broadcast and Commercial Microwave Links

Fabio Saggese^*, Vincenzo Lottici, Filippo Giannetti

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

The demand for accurate rainfall rate maps is growing ever more. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to estimate the rainfall rate map from the attenuation measurements coming from both broadcast satellite links (BSLs) and commercial microwave links (CMLs). The approach we pursue is based on an iterative procedure which extends the well-known GMZ algorithm to fuse the attenuation data coming from different links in a three-dimensional scenario, while also accounting for the virga phenomenon as a rain vertical attenuation model. We experimentally prove the convergence of the procedures, showing how the estimation error decreases for every iteration. The numerical results show that adding the BSL links to a pre-existent CML network boosts the accuracy performance of the estimated rainfall map, improving up to 50% the correlation metrics. Moreover, our algorithm is shown to be robust to errors concerning the virga parametrization, proving the possibility of obtaining good estimation performance without the need for precise and real-time estimation of the virga parameters.

Original language	English
Article number	7019
Journal	Sensors
Volume	22
Issue number	18
ISSN	1424-8220
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/s22187019
Publication status	Published - 16 Sept 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the project INSIDERAIN (INStruments for Intelligent Detection and Estimation of Rain for Agricultural INnovation) funded by Tuscany regional administration (Italy), Decreto n. 21885, 18 December 2020, and by the project SCORE (Smart Control of the Climate Resilience in European Coastal Cities) funded by European Commission’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101003534. This article is also based upon work from COST Action CA20136 OPENSENSE, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Keywords

commercial microwave link
earth–satellite link
microwave propagation
rain attenuation
rainfall map estimation
rainfall rate estimation

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title = "Rainfall Map from Attenuation Data Fusion of Satellite Broadcast and Commercial Microwave Links",

abstract = "The demand for accurate rainfall rate maps is growing ever more. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to estimate the rainfall rate map from the attenuation measurements coming from both broadcast satellite links (BSLs) and commercial microwave links (CMLs). The approach we pursue is based on an iterative procedure which extends the well-known GMZ algorithm to fuse the attenuation data coming from different links in a three-dimensional scenario, while also accounting for the virga phenomenon as a rain vertical attenuation model. We experimentally prove the convergence of the procedures, showing how the estimation error decreases for every iteration. The numerical results show that adding the BSL links to a pre-existent CML network boosts the accuracy performance of the estimated rainfall map, improving up to 50% the correlation metrics. Moreover, our algorithm is shown to be robust to errors concerning the virga parametrization, proving the possibility of obtaining good estimation performance without the need for precise and real-time estimation of the virga parameters.",

keywords = "commercial microwave link, earth–satellite link, microwave propagation, rain attenuation, rainfall map estimation, rainfall rate estimation",

author = "Fabio Saggese and Vincenzo Lottici and Filippo Giannetti",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the project INSIDERAIN (INStruments for Intelligent Detection and Estimation of Rain for Agricultural INnovation) funded by Tuscany regional administration (Italy), Decreto n. 21885, 18 December 2020, and by the project SCORE (Smart Control of the Climate Resilience in European Coastal Cities) funded by European Commission{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101003534. This article is also based upon work from COST Action CA20136 OPENSENSE, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

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PY - 2022/9/16

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N2 - The demand for accurate rainfall rate maps is growing ever more. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to estimate the rainfall rate map from the attenuation measurements coming from both broadcast satellite links (BSLs) and commercial microwave links (CMLs). The approach we pursue is based on an iterative procedure which extends the well-known GMZ algorithm to fuse the attenuation data coming from different links in a three-dimensional scenario, while also accounting for the virga phenomenon as a rain vertical attenuation model. We experimentally prove the convergence of the procedures, showing how the estimation error decreases for every iteration. The numerical results show that adding the BSL links to a pre-existent CML network boosts the accuracy performance of the estimated rainfall map, improving up to 50% the correlation metrics. Moreover, our algorithm is shown to be robust to errors concerning the virga parametrization, proving the possibility of obtaining good estimation performance without the need for precise and real-time estimation of the virga parameters.

AB - The demand for accurate rainfall rate maps is growing ever more. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to estimate the rainfall rate map from the attenuation measurements coming from both broadcast satellite links (BSLs) and commercial microwave links (CMLs). The approach we pursue is based on an iterative procedure which extends the well-known GMZ algorithm to fuse the attenuation data coming from different links in a three-dimensional scenario, while also accounting for the virga phenomenon as a rain vertical attenuation model. We experimentally prove the convergence of the procedures, showing how the estimation error decreases for every iteration. The numerical results show that adding the BSL links to a pre-existent CML network boosts the accuracy performance of the estimated rainfall map, improving up to 50% the correlation metrics. Moreover, our algorithm is shown to be robust to errors concerning the virga parametrization, proving the possibility of obtaining good estimation performance without the need for precise and real-time estimation of the virga parameters.

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Rainfall Map from Attenuation Data Fusion of Satellite Broadcast and Commercial Microwave Links

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