Real-time modeling and optimization of molten salt storage with supercritical steam cycle for sustainable power generation and grid support

This research article presents an innovative approach to enhance sustainable power generation and grid support by integrating real-time modeling and optimization with Molten Salt Energy Storage (MSES) and a Supercritical Steam Cycle (s-SC). As renewable energy usage grows, intermittent resource availability challenges grid stability and reliable power supply. To address this, we develop a system that merges real-time modeling and optimization for precise control of MSES and s-SC components. This integration ensures uninterrupted energy generation, storage, and distribution, optimizing renewable energy use during high-demand periods. Mathematical models and simulations assess the system's dynamic behavior, performance, and economic viability. Rigorous techno-economic analysis highlights cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. Findings reveal exceptional energy efficiency and grid support, making it a promising solution for sustainable power generation and grid stability amid renewable energy growth. Real-time modeling and optimization emerge as crucial components in modern energy systems. The Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system achieves 56% energy efficiency with off-design impacts considered and 63.61% without. Also, the overall system exergy efficiency decreased from 73.36% at design to approximately 63.55% under off-design scenarios. Regarding the economic aspect, the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for the CHP system is estimated at 114.4 €/MWh with off-design conditions and 106.8 €/MWh without.