SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection

Eva A M Baerends; Astrid K Hvidt; Joanne Reekie; Ole S Søgaard; Nina B Stærke; Dorthe Raben; Henrik Nielsen; Kristine T Petersen; Maria R Juhl; Isik S Johansen; Susan O Lindvig; Lone W Madsen; Lothar Wiese; Lene S Knudsen; Mette B Iversen; Thomas Benfield; Kasper Iversen; Sidsel D Andersen; Anna K Juhl; Lisa L Dietz; Signe R Andreasen; Thea K Fischer; Christian Erikstrup; Palle Valentiner-Branth; Jens Lundgren; Lars Østergaard; Martin Tolstrup; ENFORCE Study Group

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection

Eva A M Baerends, Astrid K Hvidt^*, Joanne Reekie, Ole S Søgaard, Nina B Stærke, Dorthe Raben, Henrik Nielsen, Kristine T Petersen, Maria R Juhl, Isik S Johansen, Susan O Lindvig, Lone W Madsen, Lothar Wiese, Lene S Knudsen, Mette B Iversen, Thomas Benfield, Kasper Iversen, Sidsel D Andersen, Anna K Juhl, Lisa L DietzSigne R Andreasen, Thea K Fischer, Christian Erikstrup, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Jens Lundgren, Lars Østergaard, Martin Tolstrup, ENFORCE Study Group

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron quickly spread globally, also in regions with high vaccination coverage, emphasizing the importance of exploring the immunological requirements for protection against Omicron breakthrough infection. The test-negative matched case-control study (N = 964) characterized Omicron breakthrough infections in triple-vaccinated individuals from the ENFORCE cohort. Within 60 days before a PCR test spike-specific IgG levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (GMR [95% CI] for BA.2: 0.83 [0.73-0.95], p = 0.006). Multivariable logistic regression showed significant associations between high antibody levels and lower odds of infection (aOR [95% CI] for BA.2 spike-specific IgG: 0.65 [0.48-0.88], p = 0.006 and BA.2 ACE2-blocking antibodies: 0.46 [0.30-0.69], p = 0.0002). A sex-stratified analysis showed more pronounced associations for females than males. High levels of vaccine-induced antibodies provide partial protection against Omicron breakthrough infections. This is important knowledge to further characterize a threshold for protection against new variants and to estimate the necessity and timing of booster vaccination.

Original language	English
Article number	107621
Journal	iScience
Volume	26
Issue number	9
Number of pages	14
ISSN	2589-0042
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621
Publication status	Published - 15 Sept 2023

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Immune response
Immunology
Molecular medicine

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10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621Licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Baerends et al. (2023) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infectionFinal published version, 3.7 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

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Baerends, E. A. M., Hvidt, A. K., Reekie, J., Søgaard, O. S., Stærke, N. B., Raben, D., Nielsen, H., Petersen, K. T., Juhl, M. R., Johansen, I. S., Lindvig, S. O., Madsen, L. W., Wiese, L., Knudsen, L. S., Iversen, M. B., Benfield, T., Iversen, K., Andersen, S. D., Juhl, A. K., ... ENFORCE Study Group (2023). SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection. iScience, 26(9), Article 107621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621

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title = "SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection",

abstract = "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron quickly spread globally, also in regions with high vaccination coverage, emphasizing the importance of exploring the immunological requirements for protection against Omicron breakthrough infection. The test-negative matched case-control study (N = 964) characterized Omicron breakthrough infections in triple-vaccinated individuals from the ENFORCE cohort. Within 60 days before a PCR test spike-specific IgG levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (GMR [95% CI] for BA.2: 0.83 [0.73-0.95], p = 0.006). Multivariable logistic regression showed significant associations between high antibody levels and lower odds of infection (aOR [95% CI] for BA.2 spike-specific IgG: 0.65 [0.48-0.88], p = 0.006 and BA.2 ACE2-blocking antibodies: 0.46 [0.30-0.69], p = 0.0002). A sex-stratified analysis showed more pronounced associations for females than males. High levels of vaccine-induced antibodies provide partial protection against Omicron breakthrough infections. This is important knowledge to further characterize a threshold for protection against new variants and to estimate the necessity and timing of booster vaccination.",

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author = "Baerends, {Eva A M} and Hvidt, {Astrid K} and Joanne Reekie and S{\o}gaard, {Ole S} and St{\ae}rke, {Nina B} and Dorthe Raben and Henrik Nielsen and Petersen, {Kristine T} and Juhl, {Maria R} and Johansen, {Isik S} and Lindvig, {Susan O} and Madsen, {Lone W} and Lothar Wiese and Knudsen, {Lene S} and Iversen, {Mette B} and Thomas Benfield and Kasper Iversen and Andersen, {Sidsel D} and Juhl, {Anna K} and Dietz, {Lisa L} and Andreasen, {Signe R} and Fischer, {Thea K} and Christian Erikstrup and Palle Valentiner-Branth and Jens Lundgren and Lars {\O}stergaard and Martin Tolstrup and {ENFORCE Study Group}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621",

language = "English",

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Baerends, EAM, Hvidt, AK, Reekie, J, Søgaard, OS, Stærke, NB, Raben, D, Nielsen, H , Petersen, KT , Juhl, MR, Johansen, IS, Lindvig, SO, Madsen, LW, Wiese, L, Knudsen, LS, Iversen, MB, Benfield, T, Iversen, K, Andersen, SD, Juhl, AK, Dietz, LL, Andreasen, SR, Fischer, TK, Erikstrup, C, Valentiner-Branth, P, Lundgren, J, Østergaard, L, Tolstrup, M & ENFORCE Study Group 2023, 'SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection', iScience, vol. 26, no. 9, 107621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621

TY - JOUR

T1 - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection

AU - Baerends, Eva A M

AU - Hvidt, Astrid K

AU - Reekie, Joanne

AU - Søgaard, Ole S

AU - Stærke, Nina B

AU - Raben, Dorthe

AU - Nielsen, Henrik

AU - Petersen, Kristine T

AU - Juhl, Maria R

AU - Johansen, Isik S

AU - Lindvig, Susan O

AU - Madsen, Lone W

AU - Wiese, Lothar

AU - Knudsen, Lene S

AU - Iversen, Mette B

AU - Benfield, Thomas

AU - Iversen, Kasper

AU - Andersen, Sidsel D

AU - Juhl, Anna K

AU - Dietz, Lisa L

AU - Andreasen, Signe R

AU - Fischer, Thea K

AU - Erikstrup, Christian

AU - Valentiner-Branth, Palle

AU - Lundgren, Jens

AU - Østergaard, Lars

AU - Tolstrup, Martin

AU - ENFORCE Study Group

PY - 2023/9/15

Y1 - 2023/9/15

N2 - SARS-CoV-2 Omicron quickly spread globally, also in regions with high vaccination coverage, emphasizing the importance of exploring the immunological requirements for protection against Omicron breakthrough infection. The test-negative matched case-control study (N = 964) characterized Omicron breakthrough infections in triple-vaccinated individuals from the ENFORCE cohort. Within 60 days before a PCR test spike-specific IgG levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (GMR [95% CI] for BA.2: 0.83 [0.73-0.95], p = 0.006). Multivariable logistic regression showed significant associations between high antibody levels and lower odds of infection (aOR [95% CI] for BA.2 spike-specific IgG: 0.65 [0.48-0.88], p = 0.006 and BA.2 ACE2-blocking antibodies: 0.46 [0.30-0.69], p = 0.0002). A sex-stratified analysis showed more pronounced associations for females than males. High levels of vaccine-induced antibodies provide partial protection against Omicron breakthrough infections. This is important knowledge to further characterize a threshold for protection against new variants and to estimate the necessity and timing of booster vaccination.

AB - SARS-CoV-2 Omicron quickly spread globally, also in regions with high vaccination coverage, emphasizing the importance of exploring the immunological requirements for protection against Omicron breakthrough infection. The test-negative matched case-control study (N = 964) characterized Omicron breakthrough infections in triple-vaccinated individuals from the ENFORCE cohort. Within 60 days before a PCR test spike-specific IgG levels were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (GMR [95% CI] for BA.2: 0.83 [0.73-0.95], p = 0.006). Multivariable logistic regression showed significant associations between high antibody levels and lower odds of infection (aOR [95% CI] for BA.2 spike-specific IgG: 0.65 [0.48-0.88], p = 0.006 and BA.2 ACE2-blocking antibodies: 0.46 [0.30-0.69], p = 0.0002). A sex-stratified analysis showed more pronounced associations for females than males. High levels of vaccine-induced antibodies provide partial protection against Omicron breakthrough infections. This is important knowledge to further characterize a threshold for protection against new variants and to estimate the necessity and timing of booster vaccination.

KW - Immune response

KW - Immunology

KW - Molecular medicine

U2 - 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621

DO - 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107621

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37682631

SN - 2589-0042

VL - 26

JO - iScience

JF - iScience

IS - 9

M1 - 107621

ER -

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibodies protect against Omicron breakthrough infection

Abstract

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Keywords

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