Second-Order Characterization of Micro Doppler Radar Signatures of Drone Swarms

Anders Malthe Westerkam; Alba Spliid Damkjær; Rasmus Erik  Villadsen; Magnus Ørum Bastrup Poulsen; Troels Pedersen

Second-Order Characterization of Micro Doppler Radar Signatures of Drone Swarms

Anders Malthe Westerkam, Alba Spliid Damkjær, Rasmus Erik Villadsen, Magnus Ørum Bastrup Poulsen, Troels Pedersen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

We investigate the second-order characteristics of the radar return signal from a swarm of rotor drones. We consider the case of a swarm of identical drones, with each a number of rotors comprised of a number of rotor blades. By considering the orientation and speed of each rotor as stochastic variables, we derive expressions for the autocorrelation function (ACF) and power spectral density (PSD). The ACF and PSD are in the form of an infinite series with coefficients that drop to zero at a predictable limit. Thus in practical applications, the series may be truncated. As a special case, we show that for deterministic rotor speed, the ACF can be expressed in closed form. We further investigate how system parameters (Blade length, Rotor speed, number of blades, and number of drones) influence the derived expressions for the ACF and PSD.

Original language	English
Journal	I E E E Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
ISSN	1536-1225
Publication status	Submitted - 27 Mar 2025

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title = "Second-Order Characterization of Micro Doppler Radar Signatures of Drone Swarms",

abstract = "We investigate the second-order characteristics of the radar return signal from a swarm of rotor drones. We consider the case of a swarm of identical drones, with each a number of rotors comprised of a number of rotor blades. By considering the orientation and speed of each rotor as stochastic variables, we derive expressions for the autocorrelation function (ACF) and power spectral density (PSD). The ACF and PSD are in the form of an infinite series with coefficients that drop to zero at a predictable limit. Thus in practical applications, the series may be truncated. As a special case, we show that for deterministic rotor speed, the ACF can be expressed in closed form. We further investigate how system parameters (Blade length, Rotor speed, number of blades, and number of drones) influence the derived expressions for the ACF and PSD.",

author = "Westerkam, {Anders Malthe} and Damkj{\ae}r, {Alba Spliid} and Villadsen, {Rasmus Erik} and Poulsen, {Magnus {\O}rum Bastrup} and Troels Pedersen",

year = "2025",

month = mar,

day = "27",

language = "English",

journal = "I E E E Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters",

issn = "1536-1225",

publisher = "IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Second-Order Characterization of Micro Doppler Radar Signatures of Drone Swarms

AU - Westerkam, Anders Malthe

AU - Damkjær, Alba Spliid

AU - Villadsen, Rasmus Erik

AU - Poulsen, Magnus Ørum Bastrup

AU - Pedersen, Troels

PY - 2025/3/27

Y1 - 2025/3/27

N2 - We investigate the second-order characteristics of the radar return signal from a swarm of rotor drones. We consider the case of a swarm of identical drones, with each a number of rotors comprised of a number of rotor blades. By considering the orientation and speed of each rotor as stochastic variables, we derive expressions for the autocorrelation function (ACF) and power spectral density (PSD). The ACF and PSD are in the form of an infinite series with coefficients that drop to zero at a predictable limit. Thus in practical applications, the series may be truncated. As a special case, we show that for deterministic rotor speed, the ACF can be expressed in closed form. We further investigate how system parameters (Blade length, Rotor speed, number of blades, and number of drones) influence the derived expressions for the ACF and PSD.

AB - We investigate the second-order characteristics of the radar return signal from a swarm of rotor drones. We consider the case of a swarm of identical drones, with each a number of rotors comprised of a number of rotor blades. By considering the orientation and speed of each rotor as stochastic variables, we derive expressions for the autocorrelation function (ACF) and power spectral density (PSD). The ACF and PSD are in the form of an infinite series with coefficients that drop to zero at a predictable limit. Thus in practical applications, the series may be truncated. As a special case, we show that for deterministic rotor speed, the ACF can be expressed in closed form. We further investigate how system parameters (Blade length, Rotor speed, number of blades, and number of drones) influence the derived expressions for the ACF and PSD.

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1536-1225

JO - I E E E Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

JF - I E E E Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

ER -

Second-Order Characterization of Micro Doppler Radar Signatures of Drone Swarms

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