Smart Mobile Power Bank: A Novel Grid-friendly Mobile Microgrid for Power Grid with High Penetration of Renewable Vehicles

The increasing penetration of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) such as electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen-driven vehicles, poses reliability and stability issues to modern power grids. To tackle this, this article presents a novel concept, named as smart mobile power bank (SMPB), to implement grid-friendly vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and mobile charging station (MCS). The concept and principle of SMPB are first developed, where a cluster of dc/dc converters is developed to integrate the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), photovoltaic (PV) panels, and AFVs as a form of dc microgrid. The HESS can reduce the rate of change of voltage (RoCoV) of the dc bus with the help of the proposed virtual inertia control (VIC). Thus, a high-quality power supply for EVs is achieved. Meanwhile, the SMPB can support the power grid as a dc machine to improve inertia response and reduce voltage fluctuations. Furthermore, an electricity price-prioritized droop control strategy is developed to perform power management in a cost-effective way. Hardware-in-the-loop experimental results are provided to validate the proposed concept and operation strategies. The proposed solution is able to improve the security, flexibility, and economy of the power grids with high penetration of AFVs.