Sound design and perception in walking interactions

This paper reviews the state of the art in the display and perception of walking generated sounds and tactile vibrations, and their

current and potential future uses in interactive systems. As non-visual information sources that are closely linked to human activities in

diverse environments, such signals are capable of communicating about the spaces we traverse and activities we encounter in familiar and

intuitive ways. However, in order for them to be effectively employed in human–computer interfaces, significant knowledge is required in

areas including the perception of acoustic signatures of walking, and the design, engineering, and evaluation of interfaces that utilize

them. Much of this expertise has accumulated in recent years, although many questions remain to be explored. We highlight past work

and current research directions in this multidisciplinary area of investigation, and point to potential future trends.