The decision-making that disregarded electrofuels as alternative within transport

Understanding why some alternatives are mentioned, promoted or implemented while some are not, is a crucial step in order to understand how to implement the radical technological change necessary to achieve 100% renewable energy system. Until today, it is noticeable that biofuels has been in focus when identifying alternative fuels within transport. This is not particularly surprising given the fact that biomass, as the only carbon carrier of renewable energy sources, can be converted to high energy density fuels that can be used in the current infrastructure, and that such conversion technologies have been known for decades. If the only renewable alternative to fossil fuels for internal combustion engines are biofuels within transport, then there is a risk that there will be a continuous dependency on fossil fuels due to the scarcity of the biomass resources. This paper focuses on the decision-making that made biofuels one of the main solutions for the transport sector as well as on the stakeholders that influenced the development of these fuels and relevant policies. The search will also try to identify how policies recognize electrofuels or Carbon Capture and Recycling (CCR) as potential alternatives in the climate mitigation and set up renewable energy goals as well as how this is reflecting on solving the transport sector transition to renewable energy. The results indicate that biofuels are still the only supported liquid renewable alternative to be utilized in the transport sector. Currently, there are no legislative supports for treating carbon dioxide as a valuable resource for fuel, hydrocarbons and different products, which could offer a new alternative solution to emission reductions.