To Phrase or Not to Phrase – Impact of User versus System Term Dependence upon Retrieval

Christina Lioma, Birger Larsen, Peter Ingwersen

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)
153 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

When submitting queries to information retrieval (IR) systems, users often have the option of specifying which, if any, of the query terms are heavily dependent on each other and should be treated as a fixed phrase, for instance by placing them between quotes.In addition to such cases where users specify term dependence, automatic ways also exist for IR systems to detect dependent terms in queries. Most IR systems use both user and algorithmic approaches. It is not however clear whether and to what extent user-defined term dependence agrees with algorithmic estimates of term dependence, nor which of the two may fetch higher performance gains. Simply put, is it better to trust users or the system to detect term dependence in queries? To answer this question, we experiment with 101 crowdsourced search engine users and 334 queries (52 train and 282 test TREC queries) and we record 10 assessments per query. We find that (i) user assessments of term dependence differ significantly from algorithmic assessments of term dependence (their overlap is approximately 30%); (ii) there is little agreement among users about term dependence in queries, and this disagreement increases as queries become longer; (iii) the potential retrieval gain that can be fetched by treating term dependence (both user- and system-defined) over a bag of words baseline is reserved to a small subset (approximately 8%) of the queries, and is much higher for low-depth than deep precision measures. Points (ii) and (iii) constitute novel insights into term dependence.
Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Data and Information Management
Volume2
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)1-14
Number of pages14
ISSN2543-9251
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jun 2018

Keywords

  • information retrieval
  • phrase search
  • term dependence

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