TY - JOUR
T1 - Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for thymoma - A European case-control study
AU - Eriksson, Mikael
AU - Kaerlev, Linda
AU - Johansen, Preben
AU - Afonso, Noemia
AU - Ahrens, Wolfgang
AU - Costa-Pereira, Altamiro
AU - Guénel, Pascal
AU - Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
AU - Gonzalez, Agustin Llopis
AU - Merletti, Franco
AU - Suárez-Varela, Maria Morales
AU - Trétarre, Brigitte
AU - Wingren, Gun
AU - Richiardi, Lorenzo
AU - Sabroe, Svend
PY - 2019/8
Y1 - 2019/8
N2 - PURPOSE: Hardly anything is known about the aetiology of thymoma. This paper presents data regarding tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to thymoma from the first case-control study performed on this rare tumour.METHODS: A European multi-centre case-control study including incident cases aged 35-69 years with thymoma between 1995 and 1997, was conducted in seven countries. A set of controls, used in seven parallel case-control studies by the same research group was used, including population-based controls from five countries and hospital controls with colon cancer from two countries. Altogether 103 cases, accepted by a reference pathologist, 712 colon cancer controls, and 2071 population controls were interviewed.RESULTS: Tobacco smoking was moderately related with thymoma (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.2), and a tendency to dose-response was shown (p = 0.04), with an increased risk for heavy smokers defined as ≥41 pack-years (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). A high consumption of spirits defined as ≥25 g of alcohol per day was associated with an increased risk of thymoma (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.4), whereas no association was found with beer or wine.CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking and a high intake of spirits were indicated as risk factors for thymoma.
AB - PURPOSE: Hardly anything is known about the aetiology of thymoma. This paper presents data regarding tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to thymoma from the first case-control study performed on this rare tumour.METHODS: A European multi-centre case-control study including incident cases aged 35-69 years with thymoma between 1995 and 1997, was conducted in seven countries. A set of controls, used in seven parallel case-control studies by the same research group was used, including population-based controls from five countries and hospital controls with colon cancer from two countries. Altogether 103 cases, accepted by a reference pathologist, 712 colon cancer controls, and 2071 population controls were interviewed.RESULTS: Tobacco smoking was moderately related with thymoma (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.2), and a tendency to dose-response was shown (p = 0.04), with an increased risk for heavy smokers defined as ≥41 pack-years (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). A high consumption of spirits defined as ≥25 g of alcohol per day was associated with an increased risk of thymoma (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.4), whereas no association was found with beer or wine.CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking and a high intake of spirits were indicated as risk factors for thymoma.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Case-control study
KW - Risk factors
KW - Thymoma
KW - Thymus cancer
KW - Tobacco smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85067898554&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.canep.2019.06.008
DO - 10.1016/j.canep.2019.06.008
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31254794
SN - 1877-7821
VL - 61
SP - 133
EP - 138
JO - Cancer epidemiology
JF - Cancer epidemiology
ER -