Unlocking Circular Solutions: Exploring Multilayer Packaging in Sustainable Waste Management Through Material Flow Analysis and Stakeholder Perspectives - Insights from Denmark

Multilayer packaging (MLP) in post-consumer waste is challenging to sort and process for recycling. It is often composed of a complex mixture of different materials that become contaminated which calls for a solution. Rules on extended producer responsibility for packaging will be enforced by 2025 across the EU. Considering the present situation, the questions arisen are the concerns how solutions to MLP may be built by adopting a more holistic, collaborative approach to creating circular interventions. This study aims to develop a solutions-building methodology for MLP from a value chain perspective and to devise an intervention plan for involved actors. To
understand the packaging materials (and packaging waste) imported to, produced on, consumed, and exported from the Danish Island of Bornholm, a material flow analysis (MFA) was performed. This data-driven method
uncovered hotspots and where interventions would have the highest impact. Additionally, it was used as a visualization tool at a multi-stakeholder workshop involving value chain actors to discuss future interventions. Results from the workshop showed the widely held perception that MLP separation and recycling is an appropriate 'near future' solution, as keeping the current operations and paying a third party to take care of the waste was the easier option for the producers. A radical innovation would have involved pushing boundaries, challenging conventional thinking, and pursuing ground-breaking ideas that could lead to substantial leaps from a circular perspective. From a methodological perspective, the MFA proved a vital tool for communicating the scale of packaging waste and facilitating discussions on potential interventions. MFA integrating with the results of multistakeholder workshop can lead to knowledge sharing and capacity sharing for stakeholders but cannot, in and of itself, lead to substantial leaps, i.e. radical innovation.