Update on management of hypokalaemia and goals for the lower potassium level in patients with cardiovascular disease: A review in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy

Maria Lukács Krogager*, Kristian Kragholm, Jesper Qvist Thomassen, Peter Søgaard, Basil S Lewis, Sven Wassmann, Iris Baumgartner, Claudio Ceconi, Thomas Andersen Schmidt, Juan Carlos Kaski, Heinz Drexel, Anne Grete Semb, Stefan Agewall, Alexander Niessner, Gianluigi Savarese, Keld Per Kjeldsen, Claudio Borghi, Juan Tamargo, Christian Torp-Pedersen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)
83 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Hypokalaemia is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we emphasize the importance of tight potassium regulation in patients with cardiovascular disease based on findings from observational studies. To enhance the understanding, we also describe the mechanisms of potassium homeostasis maintenance, the most common causes of hypokalaemia and present strategies for monitoring and management of low potassium levels. We propose elevation of potassium in asymptomatic patients with lower normal concentrations and concurrent cardiovascular disease. These proposals are intended to assist clinicians until more evidence is available.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
Volume7
Issue number6
Pages (from-to)557-567
Number of pages11
ISSN2055-6837
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Keywords

  • Borderline hypokalaemia
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Low normal potassium

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