Central dimensions in a sustainable urban development

Several dimensions of urban form and spatial urban development are discussed in the light of the main criteria of a sustainable development. If a sustainable development is to be achieved, it is necessary to avoid further urban sprawl. Low density, dispersed cities can hardly be energy efficient unless their inhabitants renounce the freedoms of choice characterizing today's cities with respect to job market opportunities, services and cultural events. However, a strategy for more compact cities should be cautious so that it does not decimate important green areas within the city, and localities of unfavourable microclimatic conditions should not be selected for residential construction. Planning for sustainability must be oriented towards long-term and global goals, but should not rely solely on technical and instrumental rationality. A broad spectrum of planning strategies should be used, contingent on the concrete planning situation