Abstract
Zero-carbon energy stations (ZCESs) have a promising prospect in reducing carbon emission, which also results in great impacts on the planning scheme of low-carbon distribution system (DS). In this context, this paper carries out the low-carbon DS planning considering the flexible support of ZCES. Firstly, a low-carbon DS planning model is established, where the material carbon emission and operational carbon emission are both considered. Then, for achieving the low-carbon goal of DS, the flexible support of ZCES is considered during the low-carbon DS planning process. Especially, ZCES is supplied by zero-carbon renewable energy (e.g., photovoltaics and wind power). Meanwhile, DS and ZCES are regarded as different stakeholders, which is addressed by the analytical target cascading (ATC) algorithm. In addition, a distributionally robust optimization method is proposed to cope with the probability distribution (PD) uncertainty of renewable energy and loads. Moreover, a tractable low-carbon planning model for DS considering the flexible support of ZCES is reformulated based on the duality method. Finally, the proposed planning model is tested on a modified IEEE 33-node and a practical 99-node distribution system with ZCES. Numerical results show that the proposed low-carbon planning model is effective in managing PD uncertainties, and improving the low-carbon and economic performance of DS while the ATC algorithm also exhibits good convergence performance.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 123079 |
Journal | Energy |
Volume | 244 |
ISSN | 0360-5442 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Apr 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Analytical target cascading algorithm
- Distribution systems
- Distributionally robust optimization
- Low-carbon
- Zero-carbon energy station