Abstract
The incorporation of electric vehicles (EVs) into residential/industrial microgrids (MGs) presents some limitations such as fluctuations in voltage, frequency, and lack of power supply. According to the literature, the control methods for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in MGs are insufficiently coordinated for charging and regulation, limited by narrow charging control constraints, complex, and computationally demanding. Moreover, the power system stabilizer (PSS) is employed only in the generation side. To this regard, a PSS is proposed in this paper along with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, which is tuned adaptively using Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) for frequency, voltage, and power-sharing regulations through the parked EVs. The considered islanded MG is consisting of a diesel generator as a backup generation source, dealing with the intermittent nature of the solar photovoltaic (PV) plant and residential load. It also includes an EV aggregator. In case of partial shading of the solar PV farm and triggering the load demand, the proposed control strategy provides a complementary signal to promote short response time during transients, boost the transient stability performance, and offer damping characteristics adequate for V2G regulation with the islanded residential MG. To examine the efficacy of the proposed scheme, a detailed simulation model using Matlab/Simulink was built. The final findings show that the proposed direct adaptive PID-PSS controller gives significantly enhanced voltage and frequency with spinning reserve compared to the conventional PI-controller both considering the inclusion of V2G on the MG regulation side and conventional controller without V2G and PSS on the regulation side. Also, it can provide power flow in a bi-directional way during the partial shading contingency that the residential MG may experience within 24 hr.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 121012 |
Journal | Applied Energy |
Volume | 340 |
ISSN | 0306-2619 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 Jun 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Hussein Abubakr is fully funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of the Arab Republic of Egypt; This work is also supported by VILLUM FONDEN under the VILLUM Investigator Grant (no. 25920): Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM);
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
Keywords
- Adaptive Control
- Automatic voltage regulator
- Frequency Regulation
- Power Sharing
- Power system stabilizer
- Residential microgrid
- Vehicle-to-grid
- Voltage regulation
- solar PV farm