Optimal planning of energy storage system in active distribution system based on fuzzy multi-objective bi-level optimization

A fuzzy multi-objective bi-level optimization problem is proposed to model the planning of energy storage system (ESS) in active distribution systems (ADS). The proposed model enables us to take into account how optimal operation strategy of ESS in the lower level can affect and be affected by the optimal allocation of ESS in the upper level. The power characteristic model of micro-grid (MG) and typical daily scenarios are established to take full consideration of time-variable nature of renewable energy generations (REGs) and load demand while easing the burden of computation. To solve the bi-level mixed integer problem, a multi-subgroup hierarchical chaos hybrid algorithm is introduced based on differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The modified IEEE-33 bus benchmark distribution system is utilized to investigate the availability and effectiveness of the proposed model and the hybrid algorithm. Results indicate that the planning model gives an adequate consideration to the optimal operation and different roles of ESS, and has the advantages of objectiveness and reasonableness.