TY - JOUR
T1 - Past-season, pre-season and in-season risk assessment of groin problems in male football players
T2 - a prospective full-season study
AU - Esteve, Ernest
AU - Casals, Marti
AU - Saez, Marc
AU - Rathleff, Michael Skovdal
AU - Clausen, Mikkel Bek
AU - Vicens-Bordas, Jordi
AU - Hölmich, Per
AU - Pizzari, Tania
AU - Thorborg, Kristian
N1 - © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - OBJECTIVE: We assessed past-season, pre-season and in-season risk factors to investigate their association with an in-season groin problem in male amateur football players.METHODS: Past-season groin-pain information and pre-season short-lever and long-lever adductor squeeze strength were obtained at baseline, together with anthropometrics (weight, lower limb lever length) and player age. In-season hip-related and groin-related sporting function was monitored every 4 weeks using the Sports and Recreation (Sport) subscale from the Hip And Groin Outcome Score questionnaire (HAGOS (Sport)). Groin problems, including time-loss groin injuries and groin pain irrespective of time loss, were collected over a 39-week competitive in-season. We estimated relative risk (RR), and 95% credibility interval (ICr) from logistic regressions fitted in a Bayesian framework.RESULTS: Players (n=245) suffering from groin pain during the past-season had 2.4 times higher risk of experiencing a groin problem in the new season (2.40 RR; 95% ICr 1.5 to 3.7). This risk was reduced by 35% (0.65 RR; 95% ICr 0.42 to 0.99) per unit (N·m/kg) increase in the long-lever adductor squeeze test. Player age, short-lever squeeze test and the HAGOS (Sport) scores were not associated with the risk of a groin problem.CONCLUSIONS: Past-season groin pain increased the risk of a groin problem in the new in-season. This risk was reduced by higher pre-season long-lever adductor squeeze strength. Past-season groin-pain information and long-lever adductor squeeze strength can be quickly obtained during pre-season to identify players with an elevated risk of in-season groin problems. This may be key to reduce these problems in the new season.
AB - OBJECTIVE: We assessed past-season, pre-season and in-season risk factors to investigate their association with an in-season groin problem in male amateur football players.METHODS: Past-season groin-pain information and pre-season short-lever and long-lever adductor squeeze strength were obtained at baseline, together with anthropometrics (weight, lower limb lever length) and player age. In-season hip-related and groin-related sporting function was monitored every 4 weeks using the Sports and Recreation (Sport) subscale from the Hip And Groin Outcome Score questionnaire (HAGOS (Sport)). Groin problems, including time-loss groin injuries and groin pain irrespective of time loss, were collected over a 39-week competitive in-season. We estimated relative risk (RR), and 95% credibility interval (ICr) from logistic regressions fitted in a Bayesian framework.RESULTS: Players (n=245) suffering from groin pain during the past-season had 2.4 times higher risk of experiencing a groin problem in the new season (2.40 RR; 95% ICr 1.5 to 3.7). This risk was reduced by 35% (0.65 RR; 95% ICr 0.42 to 0.99) per unit (N·m/kg) increase in the long-lever adductor squeeze test. Player age, short-lever squeeze test and the HAGOS (Sport) scores were not associated with the risk of a groin problem.CONCLUSIONS: Past-season groin pain increased the risk of a groin problem in the new in-season. This risk was reduced by higher pre-season long-lever adductor squeeze strength. Past-season groin-pain information and long-lever adductor squeeze strength can be quickly obtained during pre-season to identify players with an elevated risk of in-season groin problems. This may be key to reduce these problems in the new season.
KW - Bayesian inference
KW - Groin injuries
KW - Groin pain
KW - Hip strength
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102388582&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102606
DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102606
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33692032
SN - 0306-3674
VL - 56
SP - 484
EP - 489
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 9
M1 - 102606
ER -