A comprehensive review of authentication schemes in vehicular ad-hoc network

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) has been gaining importance due to the fast growing technology as well as its requirements in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and vehicular social network (VSN). VANET facilitates vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication and improves the ride quality with value added services. The number of connected vehicles is expected to grow to a huge number with enormous exchange of safety and non-safety messages which are susceptible to security and privacy threat. To ensure secured communication, VANET must implement an authentication protocol to resist the attack and preserve the privacy. In this paper, a detailed discussion on the taxonomy for authentication schemes in VANET has been presented. The authentication schemes have been compared with security, privacy and scalability requirement. The use of recent technologies such as 5G, 5G-SDN, and Blockchain to design authentication schemes with low cost, and low communication, computational overhead has been discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with open challenges in VANET authentication. This paper is expected to open new avenues for researchers working in the domain of VANETs.