Improvements in soil physical properties after long-term manure addition depend on soil and crop type

Yuting Fu; Lis W. de Jonge; Per Moldrup; Marcos Paradelo; Emmanuel Arthur

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116062

Improvements in soil physical properties after long-term manure addition depend on soil and crop type

Yuting Fu^*, Lis W. de Jonge, Per Moldrup, Marcos Paradelo, Emmanuel Arthur

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Abstract

Manure application and crop rotation are common agricultural practices that can alter soil physical properties and affect soil functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term manure fertilization (24 to 126 years) and crop type on soil hydraulic, aggregate and pore structural properties. Samples were collected from three long-term experiments (LTEs) in Sweden (silty clay, SiC), Germany (silt loam, SiL) and Denmark (sandy loam, SL). Measurements included water retention, air permeability and gas diffusivity measured at five matric potentials −3, −5, −10, −30 and −50 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat), bulk density (ρ_b), and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The treatments at the three LTEs included various manure rates and crop sequences (winter wheat, maize, spring barley, and grass/clover). Results showed that long-term manure addition reduced ρ_b by an average of 3–6% for all three sites, and improved soil water retention, plant available water and WSA for most investigated plots. However, increasing manure rates for the SiL and SL sites did not result in further improvements in soil water retention, ρ_b and water-stable aggregates. The effect of manure on soil pore size distribution, gas transport, and K_sat varied with soil and crop type. Manure increased the porosity of pores < 30 µm in the two fine-textured sites and increased the porosity of pores > 30 µm for wheat and maize plots in the SL site. Manure improved gas transport and K_sat in the wheat plots and decreased these properties in the barley plots regardless of soil texture. The maize plots in the SL site had well developed pore structure, while the pore structure in the SiL site was relatively poor. Grass plots had poorer gas transport than maize plots in the SL site despite the manure addition. The study shows that improvements in soil physical and chemical properties arising from manure application largely depend on the crops grown and the soil texture.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	116062
Tidsskrift	Geoderma
Vol/bind	425
ISSN	0016-7061
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116062
Status	Udgivet - 1 nov. 2022

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
The research was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences via the project: Biophysical drivers of soil resilience in a changing climate [grant number 9041-00107B]. MP is funded by the Research England ‘Expanding Excellence in England’ (E3) – FaNSI programme of the NRI. We especially thank Dr Ines Merbach and the staff from UFZ and Dr Sofia Delin from SLU for supporting sampling and providing relevant information in Bad Lauchstädt LTE and Lanna LTE, respectively. We are also grateful to Dr Johannes Jensen, Dr Bent Christensen and Henning Thomsen for the information on Askov LTE. The assistance of Stig Rasmussen and Jørgen Nielsen with sampling and the measurements of physical properties is appreciated. We would also like to express the gratitude to three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and suggestions.

Funding Information:
The research was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences via the project: Biophysical drivers of soil resilience in a changing climate [grant number 9041-00107B]. MP is funded by the Research England ‘Expanding Excellence in England’ (E3) – FaNSI programme of the NRI. We especially thank Dr Ines Merbach and the staff from UFZ and Dr Sofia Delin from SLU for supporting sampling and providing relevant information in Bad Lauchstädt LTE and Lanna LTE, respectively. We are also grateful to Dr Johannes Jensen, Dr Bent Christensen and Henning Thomsen for the information on Askov LTE. The assistance of Stig Rasmussen and Jørgen Nielsen with sampling and the measurements of physical properties is appreciated. We would also like to express the gratitude to three anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and suggestions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)

Emneord

Aggregate stability
Air permeability
Bare fallow
Gas diffusion
Saturated hydraulic conductivity

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abstract = "Manure application and crop rotation are common agricultural practices that can alter soil physical properties and affect soil functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term manure fertilization (24 to 126 years) and crop type on soil hydraulic, aggregate and pore structural properties. Samples were collected from three long-term experiments (LTEs) in Sweden (silty clay, SiC), Germany (silt loam, SiL) and Denmark (sandy loam, SL). Measurements included water retention, air permeability and gas diffusivity measured at five matric potentials −3, −5, −10, −30 and −50 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), bulk density (ρb), and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The treatments at the three LTEs included various manure rates and crop sequences (winter wheat, maize, spring barley, and grass/clover). Results showed that long-term manure addition reduced ρb by an average of 3–6% for all three sites, and improved soil water retention, plant available water and WSA for most investigated plots. However, increasing manure rates for the SiL and SL sites did not result in further improvements in soil water retention, ρb and water-stable aggregates. The effect of manure on soil pore size distribution, gas transport, and Ksat varied with soil and crop type. Manure increased the porosity of pores < 30 µm in the two fine-textured sites and increased the porosity of pores > 30 µm for wheat and maize plots in the SL site. Manure improved gas transport and Ksat in the wheat plots and decreased these properties in the barley plots regardless of soil texture. The maize plots in the SL site had well developed pore structure, while the pore structure in the SiL site was relatively poor. Grass plots had poorer gas transport than maize plots in the SL site despite the manure addition. The study shows that improvements in soil physical and chemical properties arising from manure application largely depend on the crops grown and the soil texture.",

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author = "Yuting Fu and {de Jonge}, {Lis W.} and Per Moldrup and Marcos Paradelo and Emmanuel Arthur",

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AU - Moldrup, Per

AU - Paradelo, Marcos

AU - Arthur, Emmanuel

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N2 - Manure application and crop rotation are common agricultural practices that can alter soil physical properties and affect soil functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term manure fertilization (24 to 126 years) and crop type on soil hydraulic, aggregate and pore structural properties. Samples were collected from three long-term experiments (LTEs) in Sweden (silty clay, SiC), Germany (silt loam, SiL) and Denmark (sandy loam, SL). Measurements included water retention, air permeability and gas diffusivity measured at five matric potentials −3, −5, −10, −30 and −50 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), bulk density (ρb), and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The treatments at the three LTEs included various manure rates and crop sequences (winter wheat, maize, spring barley, and grass/clover). Results showed that long-term manure addition reduced ρb by an average of 3–6% for all three sites, and improved soil water retention, plant available water and WSA for most investigated plots. However, increasing manure rates for the SiL and SL sites did not result in further improvements in soil water retention, ρb and water-stable aggregates. The effect of manure on soil pore size distribution, gas transport, and Ksat varied with soil and crop type. Manure increased the porosity of pores < 30 µm in the two fine-textured sites and increased the porosity of pores > 30 µm for wheat and maize plots in the SL site. Manure improved gas transport and Ksat in the wheat plots and decreased these properties in the barley plots regardless of soil texture. The maize plots in the SL site had well developed pore structure, while the pore structure in the SiL site was relatively poor. Grass plots had poorer gas transport than maize plots in the SL site despite the manure addition. The study shows that improvements in soil physical and chemical properties arising from manure application largely depend on the crops grown and the soil texture.

AB - Manure application and crop rotation are common agricultural practices that can alter soil physical properties and affect soil functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term manure fertilization (24 to 126 years) and crop type on soil hydraulic, aggregate and pore structural properties. Samples were collected from three long-term experiments (LTEs) in Sweden (silty clay, SiC), Germany (silt loam, SiL) and Denmark (sandy loam, SL). Measurements included water retention, air permeability and gas diffusivity measured at five matric potentials −3, −5, −10, −30 and −50 kPa, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), bulk density (ρb), and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The treatments at the three LTEs included various manure rates and crop sequences (winter wheat, maize, spring barley, and grass/clover). Results showed that long-term manure addition reduced ρb by an average of 3–6% for all three sites, and improved soil water retention, plant available water and WSA for most investigated plots. However, increasing manure rates for the SiL and SL sites did not result in further improvements in soil water retention, ρb and water-stable aggregates. The effect of manure on soil pore size distribution, gas transport, and Ksat varied with soil and crop type. Manure increased the porosity of pores < 30 µm in the two fine-textured sites and increased the porosity of pores > 30 µm for wheat and maize plots in the SL site. Manure improved gas transport and Ksat in the wheat plots and decreased these properties in the barley plots regardless of soil texture. The maize plots in the SL site had well developed pore structure, while the pore structure in the SiL site was relatively poor. Grass plots had poorer gas transport than maize plots in the SL site despite the manure addition. The study shows that improvements in soil physical and chemical properties arising from manure application largely depend on the crops grown and the soil texture.

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KW - Air permeability

KW - Bare fallow

KW - Gas diffusion

KW - Saturated hydraulic conductivity

KW - Aggregate stability

KW - Air permeability

KW - Bare fallow

KW - Gas diffusion

KW - Saturated hydraulic conductivity

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DO - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116062

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SN - 0016-7061

VL - 425

JO - Geoderma

JF - Geoderma

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ER -

Improvements in soil physical properties after long-term manure addition depend on soil and crop type

Abstract

Bibliografisk note

Emneord

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