Musculoskeletal trunk model for simulation of scoliosis deformities

This work presents an improved spine model with an articulated ribcage capable of simulating scoliosis deformities. In this model, joint constraints were defined based on experimental data. A set of clinically accepted parameters that can be measured from bi-planar radiographs, controls the spine curve and ribcage configuration of the model. The normalized compression and lateral shear forces of the intervertebral joints along the spine were reported for a normal and a scoliotic spine. Future use of the model will include investigation of the pathomechanism behind adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, simulation of brace effects, and optimization of brace treatments.