Teaching Visual Facilitation and Sketching for Digital Learning Design in Higher Education

This paper reports on the relation between sketching, visual facilitation and design processes when master
students develop digital learning designs. The paper builds on a previous study that investigated students’ use of selfproduced
visualisations during the design process. Although the study did not deal with visualisation, and students were not
trained to draw, the participants made extensive but unacknowledged use of visualisations. In the present study, a new
group of students from the same master programme were taught how to draw as a central component of the design process
in order to investigate how this might expand their use of visual facilitation and sketching to drive collaborative processes,
design decisions and theoretical reflections. As design practices enter new interdisciplinary domains, in this case digital
learning design, the aim was to explore how humanities students can act as designers by adapting different design
approaches and visual methods in particular. The empirical data, including teaching observations, students’ visual
productions and interviews with 27 students from nine groups after completing the course, were drawn primarily from an
explorative case study in which masters students developed digital learning designs to solve a problem framed by an external
stakeholder. Students’ ways of producing visualisations in the different phases of their design process were analysed in terms
of four design genres (explorative, investigative, explanatory and persuasive). This sociomaterial analysis traced how
drawings and drawing activities unfolded during collaborative group processes. The findings confirm the potential of
drawings as a means of developing ideas, collaborating in different design phases and presenting and discussing design ideas
with target groups and external stakeholders. Furthermore, findings revealed that drawing activities became a significant
pedagogical consideration in the students’ digital learning design and data collection, but also that the students lack an
academic terminology for articulating these processes.