Abstract
The latest developments in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology enable electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in frequency regulation (FR), reducing the impact of uncertain power fluctuations in highly penetrated renewable resources. However, the performance of FR is threatened by cyber attacks that compromise control communications. Considering denial of service (DoS) attacks on EV communications, this paper proposes a resilient FR scheme via adaptive V2G capacity-based integral sliding mode control (ISMC). The proposed scheme utilizes ISMC to mitigate uncertain disturbances from renewable resources and loads and the impact of DoS attacks. A periodic event-triggered mechanism (PETM) is integrated into the ISMC to reduce communication burden. Importantly, an adaptive mechanism of V2G frequency regulation capacity (FRC) is proposed in ISMC to adapt to the estimated attack intensity to prevent DoS attacks from further deteriorating FR performance. The proposed adaptive mechanism recommends using a conservative V2G FRC profile to improve FR performance under high-intensity attacks. Two case studies of the IEEE-39 bus system illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme.
Original language | English |
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Journal | IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid |
Volume | 14 |
Issue number | 4 |
Pages (from-to) | 3046-3057 |
Number of pages | 12 |
ISSN | 1949-3053 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:IEEE
Keywords
- Denial of Service Attacks
- Frequency Control
- Frequency control
- Load modeling
- Microgrids
- Regulation
- Renewable energy sources
- Sliding Mode Control
- Sliding mode control
- Vehicle to Grid
- Vehicle-to-grid
- sliding mode control
- vehicle to grid
- denial of service attacks