Abstract
The intermittence of some renewable energy sources, mainly wind and solar, leads to rapid power variations, which have to be controlled in order to maintain the system stable. Controllable loads, like MW range electric boilers, are a good solution for this problem, as the warmed water can be reused, minimising energy losses.
The boilers under analysis in this paper operate by increasing/decreasing the water level. Electric arcs appear between the electrodes and the water surface for a period of approximately 2s during the energisation. These arcs can be seen as faults to ground by the protections relays and trigger the ground fault protection. This paper uses field measurements made in a boiler installed in a power plant for the analysis of this issue.
The measurements are used to design a simulation model of the electric arc, which is used to study different energisation scenarios: With/without isolating transformer, different generator groundings and different grounding resistances. Monte Carlo method is used in order to simulate the randomness of the electric arcs, while the maximum zero-sequence current and voltage is registered.
The simulations show a good agreement with the measurements and can be used to estimate worst-case scenarios
The boilers under analysis in this paper operate by increasing/decreasing the water level. Electric arcs appear between the electrodes and the water surface for a period of approximately 2s during the energisation. These arcs can be seen as faults to ground by the protections relays and trigger the ground fault protection. This paper uses field measurements made in a boiler installed in a power plant for the analysis of this issue.
The measurements are used to design a simulation model of the electric arc, which is used to study different energisation scenarios: With/without isolating transformer, different generator groundings and different grounding resistances. Monte Carlo method is used in order to simulate the randomness of the electric arcs, while the maximum zero-sequence current and voltage is registered.
The simulations show a good agreement with the measurements and can be used to estimate worst-case scenarios
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants (WIW2014) |
Number of pages | 4 |
Publisher | Energynautics |
Publication date | Nov 2014 |
Publication status | Published - Nov 2014 |
Event | The 13th International WORKSHOP on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants - Berlin, Germany Duration: 11 Nov 2014 → 13 Nov 2014 |
Conference
Conference | The 13th International WORKSHOP on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants |
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Country/Territory | Germany |
City | Berlin |
Period | 11/11/2014 → 13/11/2014 |
Keywords
- Controllable load
- Secondary control
- Boiler
- Energisation transient
- Electric arc