TY - JOUR
T1 - Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a robust biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood after traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study
AU - Wichmann, Thea Overgaard
AU - Kasch, Helge
AU - Dyrskog, Stig
AU - Høy, Kristian
AU - Møller, Bjarne Kuno
AU - Krog, Jan
AU - Hoffmann, Hans Jürgen
AU - Hviid, Claus Vinter Bødker
AU - Rasmussen, Mikkel Mylius
N1 - © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - PURPOSE: Biochemical biomarkers to determine the injury severity and the potential for functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are highly warranted; however, it remains to be clarified whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or peripheral blood (PB) is the ideal sample media. This study aims to measure and compare biomarker concentrations in CSF and PB and to explore associations between biomarker concentrations and injury severity, i.e., American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, and biomarker concentrations and clinical outcome, i.e., AIS grade improvement and Spinal Cord Independent Measure version III (SCIM-III) score.METHODS: From 2018 to 2020, we conducted a single-center prospective pilot study of TSCI patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=15). Sample collection and clinical outcome assessment were performed at median 13 h [IQR: 19], 9 days [IQR: 2], and 148 days [IQR: 49] after TSCI. Concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE); glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP); neurofilament light chain (NfL); interferon-γ (IFN-γ); interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-13; and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured and associated to clinical outcomes.RESULTS: The biomarker concentrations were higher in CSF than PB. CSF concentrations of GFAP, NSE, IFN-y, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 and PB concentrations of GFAP and IFN-y were significantly associated with AIS grade, but not with AIS grade improvement or SCIM-III score.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support GFAP as a potential diagnostic biomarker that may be measured in CSF as well as PB.
AB - PURPOSE: Biochemical biomarkers to determine the injury severity and the potential for functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are highly warranted; however, it remains to be clarified whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or peripheral blood (PB) is the ideal sample media. This study aims to measure and compare biomarker concentrations in CSF and PB and to explore associations between biomarker concentrations and injury severity, i.e., American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, and biomarker concentrations and clinical outcome, i.e., AIS grade improvement and Spinal Cord Independent Measure version III (SCIM-III) score.METHODS: From 2018 to 2020, we conducted a single-center prospective pilot study of TSCI patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=15). Sample collection and clinical outcome assessment were performed at median 13 h [IQR: 19], 9 days [IQR: 2], and 148 days [IQR: 49] after TSCI. Concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE); glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP); neurofilament light chain (NfL); interferon-γ (IFN-γ); interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-13; and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured and associated to clinical outcomes.RESULTS: The biomarker concentrations were higher in CSF than PB. CSF concentrations of GFAP, NSE, IFN-y, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 and PB concentrations of GFAP and IFN-y were significantly associated with AIS grade, but not with AIS grade improvement or SCIM-III score.CONCLUSIONS: Our results support GFAP as a potential diagnostic biomarker that may be measured in CSF as well as PB.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Blood
KW - Cerebrospinal fluid
KW - Inflammation
KW - Traumatic spinal cord injury
U2 - 10.1007/s00701-023-05520-x
DO - 10.1007/s00701-023-05520-x
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36790588
AN - SCOPUS:85148079572
SN - 0001-6268
VL - 165
SP - 1417
EP - 1425
JO - Acta Neurochirurgica
JF - Acta Neurochirurgica
IS - 6
ER -