Inertia estimation of renewable-energy-dominated power system

By integrating a significant amount of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic, the power system is gradually evolving into a low-inertia power system. The reduction in the proportion of synchronous generators has resulted in a diminished ability to provide inertia support to the power system, consequently leading to increasingly severe challenges in maintaining frequency stability. To address this issue and enhance the inertia of the power system, several strategies for virtual inertia control have been developed. These strategies have the potential to reshape the output characteristics of power-electronics-interfaced renewable energy sources and battery storage systems. Following the wide usage of virtual inertia control, the inertia estimation has emerged as an urgent concern in practical applications for grid operators. Hence, a comprehensive and critical review of inertia estimation has become imperative. The primary objective of this survey research is to provide an overview of virtual inertia control strategies. Additionally, this study summarizes inertia estimation methods in both individual converter and regional power system according to different disturbance signals. Furthermore, various analysis methods for evaluating the level of system inertia are discussed. Furthermore, the configuration of virtual inertia for power system is discussed thoroughly. Finally, future research trends on the virtual inertia estimation of converter and the configuration of virtual inertia of the power system are discussed.