TY - JOUR
T1 - On-Site or Off-Site Renewable Energy Supply Options?
T2 - Life cycle cost analysis of a net zero energy building in denmark
AU - Marszal, Anna Joanna
AU - Heiselberg, Per
AU - Jensen, Rasmus Lund
AU - Nørgaard, Jesper
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - The concept of a Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB) encompasses two options of supplying renewable energy, which can offset energy use of a building, in particular on-site or off-site renewable energy supply. Currently, the on-site options are much more popular than the off-site; however, taking into consideration the limited area of roof and/or façade, primarily in the dense city areas, the Danish weather conditions, the growing interest and number of wind turbine co-ops, the off-site renewable energy supply options could become a meaningful solution for reaching ‘zero’ energy goal in the Danish context. Therefore, this paper deploys the life cycle cost analysis and takes the private economy perspective to investigate the life cycle cost of different renewable energy supply options, and to identify the costoptimal combination between energy efficiency and renewable energy generation. The analysis includes five technologies, i.e., two on-site options: (1) photovoltaic, (2) micro combined heat and power, and three off-site options: (1) off-site windmill, (2) share of a windmill farm and (3) purchase of green energy from the 100% renewable utility grid. The results indicate that in case of the on-site renewable supply options, the energy efficiency should be the first priority in order to design a cost-optimal Net ZEB. However, the results are opposite for the off-site renewable supply options, and thus it is more costeffective to invest in renewable energy technologies than in energy efficiency.
AB - The concept of a Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB) encompasses two options of supplying renewable energy, which can offset energy use of a building, in particular on-site or off-site renewable energy supply. Currently, the on-site options are much more popular than the off-site; however, taking into consideration the limited area of roof and/or façade, primarily in the dense city areas, the Danish weather conditions, the growing interest and number of wind turbine co-ops, the off-site renewable energy supply options could become a meaningful solution for reaching ‘zero’ energy goal in the Danish context. Therefore, this paper deploys the life cycle cost analysis and takes the private economy perspective to investigate the life cycle cost of different renewable energy supply options, and to identify the costoptimal combination between energy efficiency and renewable energy generation. The analysis includes five technologies, i.e., two on-site options: (1) photovoltaic, (2) micro combined heat and power, and three off-site options: (1) off-site windmill, (2) share of a windmill farm and (3) purchase of green energy from the 100% renewable utility grid. The results indicate that in case of the on-site renewable supply options, the energy efficiency should be the first priority in order to design a cost-optimal Net ZEB. However, the results are opposite for the off-site renewable supply options, and thus it is more costeffective to invest in renewable energy technologies than in energy efficiency.
KW - Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB)
KW - Renewable Energy Supply Option
KW - Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
KW - PV
KW - Micro Combined Heat and Power (Micro CHP)
KW - Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB)
KW - Renewable Energy Supply Option
KW - Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
KW - PV
KW - Micro Combined Heat and Power (Micro CHP)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84858280753&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.079
DO - 10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.079
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0960-1481
VL - 44
SP - 154
EP - 165
JO - Renewable Energy
JF - Renewable Energy
ER -