TY - JOUR
T1 - An Enhanced Optimal PV and Battery Sizing Model for Zero Energy Buildings Considering Environmental Impacts
AU - Mehrtash, Mahdi
AU - Capitanescu, Florin
AU - Heiselberg, Per Kvols
AU - Gibon, Thomas
AU - Bertrand, Alexandre
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) under contract C18/SR/12676686, in the frame of gENESiS project.
Funding Information:
Manuscript received May 11, 2020; revised July 29, 2020; accepted September 2, 2020. Date of publication September 8, 2020; date of current version November 19, 2020. Paper 2020-SECSC-0821.R1, presented at the 2020 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, College Station, TX, USA, Feb. 6–7, and approved for publication in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS by the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conversion Systems Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society. This work was supported by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) under contract C18/SR/12676686, in the frame of gENESiS project. (Corresponding author: Mahdi Mehrtash.) Mahdi Mehrtash is with the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg, and also with the Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada (e-mail: mahdi.mehrtash@list.lu).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1972-2012 IEEE.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/11/1
Y1 - 2020/11/1
N2 - The important focus of the energy strategy of the European Union relies on the concept of zero energy building (ZEB), which is, by definition, a building that roughly produces yearly as much renewable energy as it consumes. This article proposes an enhanced mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems to comply with the definition of a ZEB. A salient novel feature of the proposed model is that it factors in the environmental impacts, computed through rigorous life cycle assessment methodology, of buying electricity from the grid and manufacturing battery and PV systems. Furthermore, an adjustable parameter is introduced to make the model adaptive from the perspective of the building owner's willingness-to-pay for environmental impacts. The proposed model is then rigorously reformulated, managing to accumulate its nonlinearity in only one constraint per time interval. Eventually, the reformulated model is linearized to a mixed-integer linear programming model using the McCormick relaxation technique. The case study conducted on archetypal buildings in Luxembourg reveals that the proposed McCormick-based linear model is able to provide high accuracy results with reasonable computational effort.
AB - The important focus of the energy strategy of the European Union relies on the concept of zero energy building (ZEB), which is, by definition, a building that roughly produces yearly as much renewable energy as it consumes. This article proposes an enhanced mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems to comply with the definition of a ZEB. A salient novel feature of the proposed model is that it factors in the environmental impacts, computed through rigorous life cycle assessment methodology, of buying electricity from the grid and manufacturing battery and PV systems. Furthermore, an adjustable parameter is introduced to make the model adaptive from the perspective of the building owner's willingness-to-pay for environmental impacts. The proposed model is then rigorously reformulated, managing to accumulate its nonlinearity in only one constraint per time interval. Eventually, the reformulated model is linearized to a mixed-integer linear programming model using the McCormick relaxation technique. The case study conducted on archetypal buildings in Luxembourg reveals that the proposed McCormick-based linear model is able to provide high accuracy results with reasonable computational effort.
KW - Battery storage system
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - McCormick envelops
KW - Mixed-integer nonlinear programming
KW - Optimal photovoltaic (PV) and battery sizing
KW - zero energy building (ZEB)
KW - Battery storage system
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - McCormick envelops
KW - Mixed-integer nonlinear programming
KW - Optimal photovoltaic (PV) and battery sizing
KW - zero energy building (ZEB)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095969749&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TIA.2020.3022742
DO - 10.1109/TIA.2020.3022742
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85095969749
SN - 0093-9994
VL - 56
SP - 6846
EP - 6856
JO - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
IS - 6
M1 - 9188004
ER -