TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced glycation end products and bone - How do we measure them and how do they correlate with bone mineral density and fractures?
T2 - A systematic review and evaluation of precision of measures
AU - Brandt, Inge Agnete Gerlach
AU - Jessen, Mia Hovgaard
AU - Rimestad, Ditte Elschner
AU - Højgaard, Metha Kirstine Flou
AU - Vestergaard, Peter
N1 - Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bone fragility especially in diabetic bone disease is increasingly recognized and researched. As skeletal frailty in diabetes does not correlate to bone mineral density (BMD) in the same way as in postmenopausal osteoporosis, BMD may not be a suitable measure of bone quality in persons with diabetes. Abundant research exists upon the effect of AGEs on bone, and though full understanding of the mechanisms of actions does not yet exist, there is little doubt of the clinical relevance. Thus, the measurement of AGEs as well as possible treatment effects on AGEs have become issues of interest. The aim of this report is to summarize results of measurements of AGEs. It consists of a systematic review of the existing literature on AGE measurements in clinical research, an evaluation of the precision of skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement by AGE Reader® (Diagnoptics), and a short commentary on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with and without diabetes with respects to AGEs. We conclude that various AGE measures correlate well, both fluorescent and non-fluorescent and in different tissues, and that more than one target of measure may be used. However, pentosidine has shown good correlation with both bone measures and fracture risk in existing literature and results on SAF as a surrogate measurement is promising as some corresponding associations with fracture risk and bone measures are reported. As SAF measurements performed with the AGE Reader® display high precision and allow for a totally noninvasive procedure, conducting AGE measurements using this method has great potential and further research of its applicability is encouraged.
AB - The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bone fragility especially in diabetic bone disease is increasingly recognized and researched. As skeletal frailty in diabetes does not correlate to bone mineral density (BMD) in the same way as in postmenopausal osteoporosis, BMD may not be a suitable measure of bone quality in persons with diabetes. Abundant research exists upon the effect of AGEs on bone, and though full understanding of the mechanisms of actions does not yet exist, there is little doubt of the clinical relevance. Thus, the measurement of AGEs as well as possible treatment effects on AGEs have become issues of interest. The aim of this report is to summarize results of measurements of AGEs. It consists of a systematic review of the existing literature on AGE measurements in clinical research, an evaluation of the precision of skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement by AGE Reader® (Diagnoptics), and a short commentary on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with and without diabetes with respects to AGEs. We conclude that various AGE measures correlate well, both fluorescent and non-fluorescent and in different tissues, and that more than one target of measure may be used. However, pentosidine has shown good correlation with both bone measures and fracture risk in existing literature and results on SAF as a surrogate measurement is promising as some corresponding associations with fracture risk and bone measures are reported. As SAF measurements performed with the AGE Reader® display high precision and allow for a totally noninvasive procedure, conducting AGE measurements using this method has great potential and further research of its applicability is encouraged.
KW - Humans
KW - Bone Density
KW - Glycation End Products, Advanced
KW - Bone and Bones
KW - Fractures, Bone
KW - Diabetes Mellitus
KW - Skin
U2 - 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116569
DO - 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116569
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36174927
SN - 8756-3282
VL - 165
SP - 116569
JO - Bone
JF - Bone
ER -