TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamic livelihoods, gender and poverty in marine protected areas
T2 - Case study from Zanzibar, Tanzania
AU - Pike, Felicity
AU - Lindström, Lars
AU - Ekstedt, Josefin
AU - Jiddawi, Narriman S.
AU - Torre-Castro, Maricela de la
N1 - © 2024. The Author(s).
PY - 2024/8
Y1 - 2024/8
N2 - Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts.
AB - Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts.
KW - Rural development
KW - Seaweed farming
KW - Small-scale fisheries
KW - Tourism
KW - Livelihood transitions
KW - East Africa
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191047618&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x
DO - 10.1007/s13280-024-02010-x
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38647618
SN - 0044-7447
VL - 53
SP - 1218
EP - 1233
JO - Ambio
JF - Ambio
IS - 8
ER -