Abstract
The rapid increase in cooling demand for air-conditioning worldwide brings the need for more efficient cooling solutions based on renewable energy. Seawater air-conditioning (SWAC) can provide base-load cooling services in coastal areas utilizing deep cold seawater. This technology is suggested for inter-tropical regions where demand for cooling is high throughout the year, and it has been implemented in islands with short distances from the coast and the deep sea. This paper proposes adjustments to the conventional design of SWAC plants to reduce implementation risks and costs. The approach is named high velocity SWAC and consists of increasing the excavation depth of the seawater pump station up to 20 m below the sea level, compared to 2 to 5 m in conventional SWAC projects. This allows a twofold increase in the speed of inlet pipeline seawater and cooling load of the plant. The cooling load can be expanded twofold with only 55% capital cost and 83% project costs, compared with the costs of a new system. In addition, this article shows that high velocity SWAC plants with thermal energy storage will have an important role supporting the dissemination of intermittent renewable sources of energy in regions where SWAC is a viable cooling alternative.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Energy Efficiency |
Volume | 13 |
Issue number | 8 |
Pages (from-to) | 1825-1840 |
Number of pages | 16 |
ISSN | 1570-646X |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Open access funding provided by International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). We would like to thank the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP), the Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) through the Human Resources Program of the ANP for the Oil and Gas Sector Gas–PRH-ANP/MCTI, in particular PRH-ANP 53.1 UFES, for the financial support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Keywords
- Building refrigeration
- Cooling demand
- District cooling
- Energy efficiency
- Seawater air-conditioning