Location and Marking of Cadastral Boundaries in the Nordic Countries

Cadastral boundaries are key components for ordering the
ownership of real property by dividing it into territories. This study analyses
the similarities and differences in marking cadastral boundaries in Denmark,
Finland, Norway, and Sweden. A case study was conducted by examining
legislations, ordinances, guidelines, and other instructions. These are issued
by both the respective national governments, and associated agencies
responsible for real property formation and demarcation of boundaries, such
as, the national cadastral authorities. We describe, analyse, and discuss the
visual division between properties, boundary marks, natural features used
as real property boundaries, the information on boundaries in national
registers, prescriptive rights, and the localization of boundaries in each
country. The outcome of the study shows that there are many similarities
between the four countries, but also differences. As an example, the materials
used for demarcation differ between each country. Furthermore, the party
performing the cadastral procedures range from governmental officials to
licenced private surveyors. Finally, differences were noted in whether a real
property boundary following a river or stream when created will change
position if the river or stream changes course over time