Implementation in Design-Based Research Projects: A Map of Implementation Typologies and Strategies

Design-based research (DBR) boldly claims to contribute to developing theory and practice through design experiments, but little is reported on how to make those contributions impact beyond project foci. This article provides a scoping review on current DBR literature that shows this to be a current and persistent problem, necessitating research on how to better implement DBR outcomes to expand impact. A two-dimensional model is employed for categorising review findings on implementation, with emphasis on efforts towards 1) timeframe and budget, and 2) context and
stakeholders. These dimensions each employ a within-beyond distinction, to address the orientation of the implementation efforts. Findings include the identification of three implementation strategies beyond the project, and one non-strategy: sustained implementation, expansive implementation, adaptive implementation, and no implementation
beyond project foci. Further, we identify projects in the intersections between the two dimensions. Together, these findings contribute to a map of DBR implementation typologies and strategies for improving the impact of future DBR projects.